Mengukur Transistor Menggunakan Multi Meter

type='html'>Ekivalen transistor with two dioda combined, so that the test dioda principle applied to the test transistor.

Cara Mengukur Transistor Menggunakan Multi Meter

Multimeter set on step x100, investigators in the black paste on the base and red at th colector, needle should move to the right. When the investigators moved to Emitor red, needle should move to the right again.

Then the investigators red on the base and black at the Colector, needle should not deviate, and when investigators black moved to Emitor needle also must not deviate.

next Multimeter set on the step 1 k, investigator in the black paste the collectors and red on the emittor, needle must digress a little to the right and if the investigators behind, the needle should not deviate. When one of the events do not happen, then transistor damaged.

For PNP Transitor type, the test is done with the investigators red on the base and black on the colector, needle must digress to the right. Similarly, when the red investigator moved to Emitor, needle must digress to the right again.

Lampu Flip-Flop 2 transistor

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Skema Rangkaian Of flip-flop lights These are so simple to use as match practice for learning electronics. For more details, please see the direct image bundle its schemes under the

Gbr. Skema Rangkaian Lampu Flip-Flop

components List:

• R1, R3: 22 kohm
• R2, R4: 150 ohm
• TR1, TR2: FCS913
• C1, C2: 47 volt uF/16
• Source Voltage: 3 to 12 Volt

Rangkaian of lights or fold some of the usual call to the Lamp is a flirtatious multivibrator-astabil (unstable multivibrator). Transistor in the second set of this stuff to dispatch and in turn so that the LED D1 and D2 will turn on and off alternately. Flame-speed turn off the LED is determined by the size of the capacitors C1 and C2. The greater the value of the capacitor will slowly change the frequency of the second flame-out LED lights. With the value of C1 = C2 then LED1 and LED2 akan flame-out with the same frequency.

The required voltage is 9 VDC. If using a 3 Volt power portion (2 pieces battery 1.5 Volt), R1 and R2 can be omitted and the LED cathode feet each connect directly to the collectors of transistors foot related.

Rangkaian Intercom|Interkom 3 transistor

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Rangkaian Intercom comprises a 3-stage resistor-capacitor coupled amplifier. When ring button S2 is pressed, the amplifier circuit formed around transistors T1 and T2 gets converted into an asymmetrical astable multivib-rator generating ring signals. These ring signals are amplified by transistor T3 to drive the speaker of earpiece.

Current consumption of this intercom is 10 to 15 mA only. Thus a 9-volt PP3 battery would have a long life, when used in this Rankaian Intercom. For making a two-way intercom, two identical units, as shown in figure, are required to be used. Output of one amplifier unit goes to speaker of the other unit, and vice versa. For single-battery operation, join corresponding supply and ground terminals of both the units together.

Skema Rangkaian Intercom 3 Sederhana

The complete of rangkaian intercom, along with microphone and earpiece etc, can be housed inside the plastic body of a cellphone toy, which is easily available in the market. Suggested cellphone cabinet is shown.

Daftar Transistor Power Audio Daya besar

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• SANKEN TRANSISTOR MT200 -160V -4A 150W BCE Transistor, Type: SI-P, Voltage: 160 V, Current: 15 A, Power: 150 W, Frequency: 50 MHz
• On Semiconductor NJL3281D (NPN) /NJL1302D (PNP) BIPOLAR POWER TRANSISTORS 15 AMP, 260 VOLT, 200 WATT The ThermalTrak family of devices has been designed to eliminate thermal equilibrium lag time and bias trimming in audio amplifier applications. They can also be used in other applications as transistor die protection devices.

List Transistor for high audio power amplifier

Tabel1.1

Model	Manu	Description	Vco(V)	Ic(A)	PD(W)	hFE.	fT(MHZ	shape.	Complementary
2SA1215	Sanken	PNP	160	15	150	50	50	MT200	2SC2921
2SA1216	Sanken	PNP	180	17	200	30	40	MT200	2SC2922
2SA1295	Sanken	PNP	230	17	200	50	35	MT200	2SC3264
2SA1493	Sanken	PNP	200	15	150	50	20	MT200	2SC3857
2SA1494	Sanken	PNP	200	17	200	50	20	MT200	2SC3858
2SA1943	Toshiba	PNP	230	15	150	60	30	2-21f1A	2SC5200
2SB817	Sanyo	PNP	140	12	100	60 - 200	15	TO-3PB	2SD1047
2SC2922	Sanken	NPN	180	17	200		50	MT200	2SA1216
2SC3857	Sanken	NPN	200	15	150		20	MT200	2SA1493
2SC5200	Toshiba	NPN	230	15	150		30	2-21f1A	2SA1943
2SD1047	Sanyo	NPN	140	12	100	60 - 200	15	TO-3PB	2SB817
MJ15003	Onsemi	NPN	140	20	250	25-150	2	TO-3	MJ15004
MJ15004	Onsemi	PNP	140	20	250	25-150	2	TO-3	MJ15003
MJ15024	Onsemi	NPN	250	16	250	15-60	4	TO-3	MJ15025
MJ15025	Onsemi	PNP	250	16	250	15-60	4	TO-3	TIP36C
TIP35C	ST	NPN	100	25	125	25-50	3	TO-218	TIP35C
TIP36C	ST	PNP	100	25	125	25-50	3	TO-218	Juned
TIP142	ST	NPN-Darlington	100	10	125	1000min		TO-218	Juned
TIP147	ST	PNP-Darlington	100	10	125	1000min		TO-218	Juned

Rangkaian Penguji Transistor

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This is a circuit can b e used to check the hfe of transistors. Both PNP and NPN transistors can be checked using this circuit. Hfe as high as 1000 can be measured by using this circuit. This circuit is based on two constant current sources build around transistors Q1 and Q2. Q1 is a PNP transistor and the constant current flows in the emitter lead. The value of constant current can be given by the equation; (V D1 -0.6)/ (R2+R4).The POT R4 can be adjusted to get a constant current of 10uA.

Q2 is an NPN transistor and the constant current flows into the collector lead. The value of this constant current can be given by the equation; (VD2-0.6)/(R3+R5).The POT R5 can be adjusted to get a constant current of 10uA.This constant current provided by the Q1 circuit if the transistor under test is an NPN transistor and by Q2 circuit if the transistor under test is a PNP transistor is fed to the base of transistor under test. This current multiplied by the hfe flows in the collector of the transistor and it will be indicated by the meter. The meter can be directly calibrated to read the hfe of the transistor.

Skema Rangkaian Penguji Transistor

List Component

• D1,D2: Diode Zener 5.6volt 1/2 watt
• Q1: 2N2907 PNP transistor
• Q2: 2N222 NPN transistor
• R2,R3: 470K Resistor
• R4,R5: 100K Variable Resistot (Potensiometer)
• M1: Miliampere meter Analog (10mA)
• J1,J2: transistor sockets

Rangkaian Sirine Sederhana 2 Transistor

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This is a simple Siren circuit used 2 transistor . The siren circuit produced imitates the rise and fall of an American police siren. When first switched on the 10u capacitors is discharged and both transistors are off. When the push button switch is pressed to 10u capacitor will charge via 22k resistor. This voltage is applied to the base of the BC108B which will turn on slowly. When the switch is released the capacitor will discharge via the 100k and 47k base resistors and the transistor will slowly turn off. The change in voltage alters the frequency of the siren.

Skema rangkaian sirine sederhana

Current drain is fairly high in this circuit so a suitable power supply is required. The duration the tone takes to rise and fall is determined by the 10u and 22k resistor. These values may be varied for different effects.

Transistor 2N3702 description

This device designed for use as PNP general purpose amplifier and switches requiring collector currents to 300mA.



Absolute Maximum Ratings

• Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCEO ): -25 V.
• Collector-Base Voltage (VCBO ): -40 V.
• Emitter-Base Voltage (VEBO ): -5.0 V.
• Collector Current - Continuous (IC): -500 mA.
• Operating and Storage Junction Temperature Range (TJ, TST): -55 ~ +150 C.
• Current Gain (hFE DC ): 60 - 300.

Pin transistor BC 108

• Low current (max. 100 mA).
• Low voltage (max. 45 V).
• Current Gain (hFE DC) : 110 - 450.

.

Rangkaian Touch Switch Menggunakan 3 Transistor

type='html'>Touch Switch Menggunakan 3 Transistor

Here is a series of Touch Switch using only 3 transistors, this touch-based transistor switches can activate a load simply by the user touching a metal plate. It is designed to directly switch a relay to allow it to be used with large loads. As it uses only a few commonly available transistors and a 12V supply, it is ideal for hostile environments where mechanical switches would be damaged. Using a latching relay and two of these circuits, a simple two pad "touch on / touch off" arrangement can be made.

Skema Rangkaian Touch Switch Menggunakan 3 Transistor

The touch pad can be most easily made by cutting a small square of PCB material and then soldering on a single wire. Alternatively, something like a penny glued to a plastic backing will do the job.

As mentioned, a latching relay can be used so that a momentary touch activates the relay and it remains active. To turn off a latching relay, power must be interrupted. So a 2nd circuit with a normal relay can be used to cut power (use the NC contacts on the 2nd circuit). Placed side by side, two touch pads form an "on" and an "off" pad.

List Component

R1_______________ 10 Meg 1/4W Resistor
R2_______________ 47K 1/4W Resistor
R3_______________ 1 120k 1/4W Resistor
R4_______________ 470 Ohm 1/4W Resistor
C1_______________15uF Electrolytic Capacitor
D1_______________ 1N4007 Silicon Rectifier Diode
Q1_______________ 2N5458 N Channel Field Effect Transistor
Q2_______________ 2N2222 NPN Transistor 2N3904
Q3_______________ 2N3906 PNP Transistor
K1_______________ Relay w/12V Coil, Contacts To Suit Application

Menentukan B-C-E Transistor Menggunakan Rangkaian.

type='html'>Menentukan Basis-Collector-Emitter Transistor Menggunakan Rangkaian


Testing procedure:

• Connect randomly the pins of the transistor under test to J1, J2 and J3 sockets or clips.
• Close SW1, SW2 and SW3.
• Push on P1; if the transistor is in good health the response of the Identifier will be:
• Two terminals will show both LEDs illuminated, the remaining one will show a single LED illuminated.
• If the LED illuminated is Red, the pin connected to the related connector will be the Base of a NPN transistor.
• If the LED illuminated is Green, the pin connected to the related connector will be the Base of a PNP transistor.
• Open the switch related to the single illuminated LED: the two terminals showing both LEDs illuminated will change their state and a single LED per terminal will be illuminated. The LED which previously indicated the Base pin will turn-off.
• If the transistor was previously identified as NPN, the pin connected to the now illuminated Green LED will be the Emitter, whereas the pin connected to the Red LED will be the Collector.
• If the transistor was previously identified as PNP, the pin connected to the now illuminated Red LED will be the Emitter, whereas the pin connected to the Green LED will be the Collector.

his procedure will suffice for reliable pin identification of most transistor types. In some cases, mainly when low-gain high power transistors are tested, the LED could illuminate faintly and reliable pin identification could be not so easy. Pushing both P1 and P2 will remedy this shortcoming.

Important

Unfortunately, testing Darlington type transistors could lead to some trouble. In fact, the Base pin and the polarity of these transistor types will be correctly shown by the Pin Identifier in the same way as common transistors, but Collector and Emitter pins will be displayed inverted; i.e. if the transistor was previously identified as NPN, the pin connected to the now illuminated Green LED will be the Collector (NOT the Emitter), whereas the pin connected to the Red LED will be the Emitter (NOT the Collector). On the other hand, if the transistor was previously identified as PNP, the pin connected to the now illuminated Red LED will be the Collector (NOT the Emitter), whereas the pin connected to the Green LED will be the Emitter (NOT the Collector).
This is due to the fact that Darlington power transistors usually incorporate on the same chip a reverse-connected diode across Emitter and Collector. Doubts can be easily dissipated pushing on P2: Darlington transistors will cause all two LED pairs related to Emitter and Collector pins to illuminate brightly. On the contrary, common transistors will cause only a faint illumination of the remaining LEDs and, usually, a single LED indicating the Collector pin will illuminate.

Rangkaian Audio Tone Control 2 Transistor

type='html'>Audio Tone Control 2 Transistor

Audio tone control circuit based transistors on these provides a maximum cut and boost of around 10dB at 10K and 50Hz.

Skema rangkaian audio tone control 2 transistor

The first BC109C transistor is acting as a buffer. It provides the circuit with a high input impedance, around 250k has a voltage gain of slightly less than unity. As the Baxendall tone control circuit is a passive design, all audio frequencies are attenuated. The position of the controls and reactance of the capacitors alters the audio response. The last transistor provides a slight boost of about 3x. The output is designed to feed an amplifier with input impedance of 10k to 250k. Both tone controls should be linear type Potentiometers.

quick Data Transistor BC109C

Low current max. 100 mA
Low voltage max. 45 V
Collector-base voltage open emitter 30 V
Collector-emitter voltage open base - 20 V
Peak collector current - 200 mA
total power dissipation Tamb £ 25 °C - 300 mW
DC current gain (hFE ) IC = 2 mA; VCE = 5 V 200 - 800
transition frequency IC = 10 mA; VCE = 5 V; f = 100 MHz 100 - MHz


Pining transistor BC109C



1 emitter
2 base
3 collector, connected to the case

TRANSISTOR

type='html'>Fungsi utama transistor adalah sebagai penguat sinyal dan sebagai saklar elektronik. Dibandingkan dengan Tabung Hampa, transistor mempunyai kelebihan antara lain bentuk fisiknya yang lebih kecil dan daya yang digunakan lebih kecil.

Gambar fisik transisitor

Secara tipikal transistor mempunyai tiga pin, yaitu:

• Basis
• Emitor
• Kolektor

Basis merupakan pin untuk meng-aktifkan dan meng-non-aktifkan sebuah transistor. Emitor dan kolektor dihubungkan ke sumber tegangan positif atan negatif atau ground (tergantung konfigurasi transistor).

Transistor terbagi menjadi dua tipe yaitu NPN dan PNP. Untuk membedakan transistor tipe NPN atau PNP, kamu bisa lihat di tanda panah pada kaki emitornya ( di gambar rangkaiannya lo ya, bukan bentuk fisiknya ). Untuk NPN arah panahnya keluar, sedangkan untuk PNP arah panahnya kedalam Lihat gambar 3 saja, biar lebih jelas.

Gambar Simbol Transistor

Untuk menentukan kaki Basis Emitor Kolektor dari sebuah transistor biasanya digunakan multimeter. Tetapi saya punya beberapa tips untuk menentukan kaki transistor tanpa menggunakan multimeter, caranya adalah :

• Kaki kolektor biasanya terhubung dengan badan transistor apabila transistor tersebut dipacking menggunakan metal. Apabila transistor dipacking dengan plastik maka kaki kolektor biasanya terhubung dengan badan transistor yang akan dihubungkan dengan pendingin.
• Apabila transistor tersebut tidak dihubungkan dengan pendingin, maka sebaiknya dicari dulu kaki basisnya. Kalau sudah ketemu, sekarang kaki basisnya ditengah apa dipinggir? Kalau kaki basisnya ditengah, biasanya kaki kolektor berada pada sebelah kanan. Kalau basisnya dipinggir maka kaki kolektor berada pada sebelah tengah.

Gambar Konfigurasi Kaki Transistor

Cara menentukan Kaki Basis transistor dengan multimeter :

Gambar Cara menentukan kaki basis transistor

• Atur multimeter pada pengukuran ohmmeter x100.
• Lakukan pengukuran seperti gambar diatas.° Perhatikan penunjukkan pergerakan jarum.
• Apabila jarum bergerak ke kanan dengan posisi probe yang satu tetap pada kaki 3 dan probe lainnya pada kaki 1 atau kaki 2 berarti kaki 3 adalah basis transistor. Jika probe negatif yang berada pada kaki 3 berarti transistor tersebut berjenis NPN, sebaliknya jika probe positif berada pada kaki 3 berarti transistortersebut berjenis PNP.

Cara menentukan Kaki Kolektor dan Emitter

Gambar Cara menentukan kaki emiter dan kolektor transistor

• Misal: transistor berjenis NPN
• Lakukan pengukuran seperti gambar diatas.
• Perhatikan penunjukkan jarum, apabila jarum bergerak ke kanan maka kaki 1 (pada probe negatif) adalah emitter dan kaki 2 (pada posisi probe positif) adalah kolektor. Atau jika dipasang kebalikkannya (probe negatif pada kaki 2 dan probe positif pada kaki 1) dan jarum tidak bergerak, maka kaki 1 adalah emitter dan kaki 2 adalah kolektor.
• Untuk transistor jenis PNP dapat dilakukan seperti diatas dan hasilnya kebalikan dari transistor jenis NPN.
  

Data Sheet transistor Fet UPS

type='html'>Transistor fet ini sering di gunakan pada ups-ups yang beredar di pasaran. tapi sayangnya agat sukar mendapatkan suku cadang jenis ini.

TRANSISTOR POWER 2N3055|MJ2955

type='html'>Transistor ini biasa di gunakan pada power (amplifier) tingkat menengah
Fitur:

• Arus colektor - emitor max 15 Ampere
• Disipasi daya max 115 watt
  
• teganngan Colektor- emitor max 60 volt
• penguatan arus (hfe) 20-70

Bentuk fisik transistor 2N3055/MJ2955

Driver Relay Menggunkan Transistor

type='html'>Basic Transistor relay driver

Bipolar transistor is a component that works based on the presence or absence of flow in the foot triggers the base. In the relay driver applications, the transistor works as a switch that at the time did not accept the current triggers, then the transistor will be in the position of the cut-off and does not conduct current, Ic = 0. And when the base receives the flow triggers, then the transistor will turn into a state of saturation and delivers current. The following is a practical circuit of relay drivers that are reliable for use in microcontroller projects.

Skema Rangkaian Driver Relay
Menggunkan Transistor

The circuit on the left is a common collector or emitter follower and has the advantage of one less part since a resistor is not needed in series with the transistor base. However the voltage across the relay coil will be two diode drops less than the supply voltage, or about 11 volts for a 12.5 volt input.

The common emitter configuration on the right offers the advantage of the full supply voltage across the load for most of the delay time, which makes the relay pull-in and drop-out voltages less of a concern but requires an extra resistor in series with transistor base. The common emitter (circuit on the right) is the better circuit since the series base resistor can be selected to obtain the desired delay time whereas the capacitor must be selected for the common collector (or an additional resistor used in parallel with the capacitor).

The time delay for the common emitter will be approximately 3 time constants or 3*R*C. The capacitor/resistor values can be worked out from the relay coil current and transistor gain. For example a 120 ohm relay coil will draw 100 mA at 12 volts and assumming a transistor gain of 30, the base current will be 100/30 = 3 mA. The voltage across the resistor will be the supply voltage minus two diode drops or 12-1.4 = 10.6. The resistor value will be the voltage/current = 10.6/0.003 = 3533 or about 3.6K. The capacitor value for a 15 second delay will be 15/3R = 1327 uF. We can use a standard 1000 uF capacitor and increase the resistor proportionally to get 15 seconds.

Source: bowdenshobbycircuits.info

Rangkaian Transistor Tester

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The circuit shown below is a simple circuit transistor tester. In some digital and analog avometer now mostly been contained this feature, but it can not hurt us a little more creative. This circuit can also be used to detect whether a transistor is NPN / PNP.

Skema Rangkaian Transistor Tester

Circuit operation is as follows. The 555 timer is set up as a multi-vibrator 12hz. The output on pin 3 drives the 4027 flip-flop. This flip-flop divides the input frequency by two and delivers complementary voltage outputs to pin 15 and 14. The outputs are connected to LED1 and LED2 through the current limiting resistor R3. The LED's are Arranged so Pls That the polarity across the circuit is one way only one LED will from light and Pls the polarity reverses the other LED light earnest, therefore Pls no transistor is connected to the tester the LED's will from alternately flash. Also The 4027 outputs are connected to resistors R4 and R5 with the junction of these two resistors connected to the base of the transistor being tested. With a good transistor connected to the tester, the transistor will of turn on and Produce a short across the LED pair. If a good NPN transistor is connected then LED1 will from flash by Itself and if a good PNP transistor is connected then LED2 will from flash by Itself. If the transistor is open both LED's will from flash and if the transistor is shorted then neither LED will from flash.

IC NE555 Pinout

IC 4027 Pinout