Battery indicator

type='html'>In this part of the investigation in a circuit of battery indicators , this is arise such alarm sound or light up when the battery already weak, so that needs to be replaced or re-charge.

Circuit of Battery indicator

Note:

voltage used is 12 volt
Low voltage warning flow: 15 mA
Alarm tone can be changed with the R7.


Tips Merawat Battery basah

• Keep the electrolyte in the battery between the lower level and upper level lines. Check it at least once a month.
• Short of electrolyte will cause sulfation to the elements and reduce the battery's performance in generating electricity flow.
• Use distilled/demineralized water only for battery filling. Avoid using tap/well/mineral water as they may contain metal ions or organic substances that lower the battery's performance and its life.
• Clean the battery's surface and keep from any electrolyte spill.
• Clean the terminal surface using a little grease/lubrication to prevent from oxidation or fungus.
• Do not connect the positive and negative terminal using a piece of wire as this will damage/terminate the connection between the terminals and elements.
• Make sure the wire connection to the terminals is tight enough. Loose connection causes sparks, it may cause the battery explodes.
• Cover the positive terminal's surface using isolator (plastic/rubber) to avoid short circuit to the vehicles body.
• Cover the battery's surface with plastic/rubber sheet to protect it from dust/dirt blocking the vent holes.
• Check the vent holes periodically. Blocked vent holes may cause the battery expand and eventually will cause explosion or leakage.

Tips Recharge a battery
Quick-charge recharging.

• Make sure the charger is at OFF position
• Attach the clips (red + and black -)
• Connect the charger to the electricity point
• Set the timer
• Set the recharging flow (maximal equivalent to the battery's normal capacity).
• These steps apply only to an emergency condition.

Normal recharging.

• Make sure the charger is at OFF position
• Attach the clips (red + and black -)
• Connect the battery in parallel fashion
• The recharge flow is selected for a battery with small capacity
• Recharge flow volume is 1/10 of normal capacity
• Recharge time: 3 times constant voltage.

After recharging is completed.

• Turn off the charger
• Release the clips on the battery
• Release the wire from the electricity point.

3 led Level Audio amplifier Indicator

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This circuit ican be used to show the power output level of any audio amplifier. The circuit is very simple and displays three power levels that can be set to any desired value. For a standard HiFi stereo power amplifier like the 25W MOSFET Audio Amplifier.

Skema Rangkaian 3 led Level Audio amplifier Indicator

Component List Of 3 led Level Audio amplifier Indicator

R1.................. 100K 1/4W Resistor
R2.................. 50K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R3.................. 330K 1/4W Resistor
R4.................. 1M2 1/4W Resistor
R5.................. 470K 1/4W Resistor
R6,R7............. 500K 1/2W Trimmers Cermet
R8.................. 1K5 1/4W Resistor
R9-R11............ 470R 1/4W Resistors
C1.................. 47pF 63V Ceramic Capacitor
C2.................. 100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C3.................. 47µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C4.................. 1µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1.................. BZX79C5V1 5.1V 500mW Zener Diode
D2.................. 1N4148 75V 150mA Diode
D3-D5.............3mm. Yellow LEDs
IC1.................. LM339 Quad Voltage Comparator IC
SW1.................. SPST Slider Switch
B1.................. 9V

Other settings are possible IC1A is the input buffer, feeding 3 voltage comparators and LEDs drivers by means of a variable dc voltage obtained by R5 and C4 smoothing action. In order to achieve stability settings, the supply of IC1 and trimmers R6 & R7 is reduced and clamped to 5.1V by Zener diode D1.


About IC LM339

The LM139 series consists of four independent precision voltage comparators with an offset voltage specification as low as 2 mV max for all four comparators. These were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. These comparators also have a unique characteristic in that the input common-mode voltage range includes ground, even though operated from a single power supply voltage.

Application areas include limit comparators, simple analog to digital converters; pulse, squarewave and time delay generators; wide range VCO; MOS clock timers; multivibrators and high voltage digital logic gates. The LM139 series was designed to directly interface with TTL and CMOS. When operated from both plus and minus power supplies, they will directly interface with MOS logic- where the low power drain of the LM339 is a distinct advantage over standard comparators.

IC LM339 Applications

• High precision comparators
• Reduced VOS drift over temperature
• Eliminates need for dual supplies
• Allows sensing near GND
• Compatible with all forms of logic
• Power drain suitable for battery operation.

LED Indicator Daya Audio Amplifier

type='html'>LED Indicator Daya Audio Amplifier

This circuit, connected to the loudspeaker output of an audio amplifier, will indicate the instantaneous output power delivered to the loudspeaker(s) by means of six LEDs illuminating one after another by voltage values increasing little by little, providing the visual impression of a luminous bar or column, increasing and decreasing in height following the increase and decrease of the signal’s level.

Skema Rangkaian Indicator Daya Audio Amplifier

Notes:

• The output power indicated by each LED must be doubled when 4 Ohms loads are driven.
• The circuit can be adapted to suit less powerful amplifiers by reducing the number of LEDs and related voltage dividers.

List Component :
R1: 220R 1/2W Resistor
R2,R5,R6,R8: 100R 1/4W Resistors
R10,R12,R14: 100R 1/4W Resistors
R3: 220R 1/4W Resistor
R4,R7: 330R 1/2W Resistors
R9: 560R 1/2W Resistor
R11: 820R 1/2W Resistor
R13: 1K2 1/2W Resistor

D1: 1N4004 400V 1A Diode
D2,D4,D6: BZX79C2V7 2.7V 500mW Zener Diodes
D3,D5,D7,D8,D9,D10 Red LEDs (Any dimension and shape) (See Notes)

The input signal is first rectified by D1 and then sent to six different voltage dividers, one for each LED. In this way, the indication provided by the LEDs illumination of this “Power Display”, will be related to the instantaneous power sunk by the whole loudspeaker cabinet. Six output power levels are displayed by the LEDs in a 2W - 80W range (no setup required). Each nominal power level indication into 8 Ohms load is reached when the respective LED illuminates at full brightness.

Audio Peak Level Indicator By Op-Amp

simple circuit PEAK indicator of foliage of the musical signal. This circuit was designed to provide a valuable test equipment tool for sound reinforcement systems like sound amplifiers and the like. The circuit is formed by an input buffer and ac to dc voltage converter (IC1A) feeding a window comparator (IC2A, IC2B, IC2C) which illuminates one of three LEDs at a time.

Skema Rangkaian Audio Peak Level Indicator By Op-Amp

No setup is required: if correct values are used for resistors R3 to R7, LED D1 will illuminate at 0dB input (0.775V RMS), LED D2 at +5dB input (1.378V RMS) and LED D3 at +10dB (2.451V RMS).

The circuit was optimized for low current consumption as it was intended for battery operation. To achieve this, the best arrangement has proven to be the one using two different op-amp types for IC1 and IC2. In fact the LM393 IC was not operating satisfactorily as dot-mode LED driver, whereas the LM324 was unable to charge C2 in the linear way, as expected. Therefore, the final circuit is some op-amp wasting, but the small added cost will be quickly compensated by battery savings.

List Component:

R1 : 300K D1,D2,D3 : LEDs
R2 : 1M2 IC1 : LM393
R3 : 510K IC2 : LM324
R4 : 220K IC3 : 78L05
R5 : 91K SW1 : SPST Toggle or Slider Switch
R6 : 160K B1: 9V PP3 Battery
R7 : 56K
R8,R9 : 100R
R10 : 220R
C1 : 100nF
C2 : 1µF/63V
C3 : 10µF/25V